In May 1970, Neil Young came to his bandmates David Crosby, Graham Nash, and Stephen Stills with a powerful new song: "Ohio." After three days of agitated student-led protests of the invasion of Cambodia, the already incendiary situation at Kent State University exploded on the afternoon of May 4, 1970, when 28 National Guardsmen fired as many as 67 shots into a crowd of people. The 13-second barrage killed four students – Jeffrey Miller, Allison Krause, William Schroeder and Sandra Scheuer – and injured nine more... Read on the Rock Hall blog: The Story of Ohio.
This research guide provides resources on the events of May 4, 1970; the musical careers of Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young; and the song "Ohio."
These articles are available in the Free section of the database Rock's Back Pages.
All our books on Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young can be found here.
4 Way Street by
"At large". Excerpt from Trips: Rock Life In The Sixties / Ellen Sander -- Crosby, Stills, Nash, Young, Taylor and Reeves / Ben Fong-Torres -- Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young: flying freely / Lenny Kaye -- David Crosby: the Rolling Stone interview / Ben Fong-Torres -- Graham Nash: "We may fight, but the music wins" / Vicki Wickham -- At home with Steve Stills / Richie Yorke -- The Sounds talk-in. Stephen Stills and Neil Young / Allan McDougal & Penny Valentine -- Will CSNY ever re-unite and find true happiness? This is David Geffen, by gentleman's agreement, manager to the superstars / Roy Carr -- Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young Carry On / Cameron Crowe -- Crosby, Stills, Nash, Young and Bert / Roy Carr -- So hard to make arrangements for yourself. The Rolling Stone interview with Neil Young / Cameron Crowe -- Stephen Stills grows up / Lowell Cauffield -- Rocky and Bullwinkle in Marin County / Jaan Uhlszki -- Quick end to a long run. In which Neil Young and Stephen Stills find that old magic and lose it all to a sore throat / Cameron Crowe -- The actual, honest-to-God reunion of Crosby, Stills & Nash / Cameron Crowe -- Dark Star: working the vampire shift with Stephen Stills / Peter Knobler -- Graham Nash: the winds of change / Dave Zimmer -- Crosby, Stills & Nash bury the hatchet again / Dennis Hunt -- A long time gone / Mark Christensen -- The confessions of a coke addict / David Crosby with Todd Gold -- Neil Young on CSNY. Excerpt from "Blue notes from a restless loner" / Dave Zimmer -- A Louisiana Encore for Stephen Stills / Steve Rush -- Crosby, Stills & Nash: Deja Vu all over again / Chuck Crisafulli -- Stephen Stills / Parke Puterbaugh -- Crosby plays his heart / Joel Selvin -- Talk Talk: Graham Nash / Bill DeYoung -- CSNY:Deja Vu all over again / Joel Selvin -- Four Play: Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young / Gary Graff -- Band of brothers / Gary Graff -- Deja Vu for CSNY. Neil Young leads veteran supergroup on hard-rocking tour heading for Bay area / Joel Selvin -- Looking forward: David Crosby muses on politics, life and music / Ian D'Giff
Fire and Rain by
The story of four landmark albums of 1970, tracing the musical, political and cultural changes of the time. Contents: Part1 : Winter into spring : a song that they sing when they take to the highway -- Part 2 : Spring into summer : a feeling I can't hide -- Part 3 : Summer into fall : away, I'd rather sail away -- Part 4 : Fall into winter : gone your way, I'll go mine
Hotel California by
Expecting to fly : Byrdsong and the California dream -- Back to the garden : getting it together in the "country" -- New kids in town -- Horses, kids and forgotten women : country rock -- Escape from sin city -- A case of me -- With a little help from our friends -- The machinery vs. the popular song -- After the thrill is gone -- Coda : Los Angeles in the long run
Neil Young - Journey Through the Past by
The Buffalo Springfield years -- Neil Young -- Everybody knows this is nowhere -- After the gold rush -- Harvest -- 1973 : Time fades away -- On the beach -- Tonight's the night -- Zuma & Long may you run -- American stars 'n' bars & Comes a time -- Rust never sleeps -- Hawks and Doves & Re-ac-tor -- Everybody's rockin' -- Trans -- Old ways -- Landing on water -- Life -- This note's for you -- Freedom -- Ragged glory -- Harvest moon -- Sleeps with angels -- Mirror ball -- Broken arrow ; Silver and gold -- Are you passionate? -- Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young
Neil Young - The Rolling Stone Files by
Foreword -- Introduction / by Holly George-Warren -- Buffalo Springfield again album review -- Clapton and Springfield members busted -- Buffalo Springfield goes to pasture -- Last time around album review / by Barry Gifford -- Neil Young album review / by Gary Von Tersch -- Crosby, Stills and Nash add Young -- Everybody knows this is nowhere album review / by Bruce Miroff -- Crosby, stills, etc., a sellout, etc -- Crosby, Stills, Nash, Young, Taylor and Reeves / by Ben Fong-Torres -- "Oh, lonesome me" singles review / by John Morthland -- Neil young Q & A / by Elliot Blinder -- A statement of a single man / by John Morthlans -- Déjà Vu album review / by Langdon Winner -- They just don't want rip-offs -- Tin soldiers and Nixon's coming -- Top 100 singles of the last 25 years -- "Sugar mountain" singles review / by Ed Ward -- After the gold rush album review / by Langdon Winner -- The top 100 : the best albums of the last 20 years : After the gold rush -- Plenty of C and S and N and Y -- CSNY's pre-road ups and downs -- 4 way street album review / by George Kimball -- Crosby, Nash-Stills? Young? / by Tim Cahill -- Harvest album review / by John Mendelssohn -- Neil Young performance review / by Jon Landau -- Journey through the past album review / by Jim Miller -- Neil Young's first film shown / by Janelle Ellis -- Neil Young opens the Roxy Theater / by Judith Sims -- Time fades away album review / by Bud Scoppa -- CSNY's reunion / by Ben Fong-Torres -- The ego meets the dove / by Ben Fong-Torres -- On the beach album review / by Stephan Holden -- So hard to make arrangements for yourself : the Rolling Stone interview with Neil Young / by Cameron Crowe -- Tonight's the night album review / by Dave Marsh -- The top 100 : the best albums of the last 20 years : Tonight's the night -- Zuma album review / by Bud Scoppa -- Show close to home-Neil Young says no / by Marshall Kilduff -- CSNY : on again, off again / by Cameron Crowe -- Stills and Young performance review / by Dave Marsh -- Stills and Young tour cut short / by Raw Throat -- Quick end to a long run / by Cameron Crowe -- Long may you run album review / by Ken Tucker -- American stars'n bars album review / by Paul Nelson -- Young's Give to the wind due -- Neil Young's Human highway / by Peggylee Bellas -- Neil Young performance review by / Pual Nelson -- Getting into Neil Young's bizarre act / by Cameron Crowe -- Neil Young and crazy horse performance review / by John Rockwell -- The 20 greatest concerts / by David Fricke -- Comes a time album review / by Greil Marcus -- Malibu fire takes rock stars' homes / by Salley Rayl -- Neil Young : the last American hero / by Cameron Crowe -- Rust never sleeps album review / by Paul Nelson -- The top 100 : the best albums of the last 20 years : Rust never sleeps -- Live rust album review / by Tom Carson -- 1979 music awards -- Hawks & Doves album review / by John Piccarella -- Re-ac-tor album / by John Piccarella -- Trans album review / by Parke Puterbaugh -- Everybody's rockin' album review / by David Fricke -- Neil young performance review / by Steve Pond -- Old ways album review / by Parke Puterbaugh -- Landing on water album review / by Jim Farber -- Neil Young and Crazy Horse performance review / David Fricke -- Young rejoins CSN / by Michael Goldberg -- CSNY reunion album atalled / by Michael Goldberg -- Life album review / by Steve Hochman -- Neil Young bows blues band / by Michael Goldberg -- This note's for you album review / by David Browne -- Neil Young : the Rolling Stone interview / by James Henke -- MTV nixes Neil Young's acerbis "This note's for you" video / by Fred Goodman --The 100 top music videos / by Rick Marin -- CSNY release American Dream / by Michael Goldberg -- This note's for you year-end album review / by David Fricke -- American dream album review / by Anthony DeCurtis -- Neil Young covered on Tribute album / by David Fricke -- Neil Young finds his Freedom / by Shelia Rogers -- Freedom and The bridge : a tribute to Neil Young album reviews / by David Fricke -- Top 100 albums of the eighties -- Neil Young pulls plug on jeans ad / by Jimmy Guterman -- CSNY honors its former drummer / by Jeffrey Ressner -- Ragged glory album review / by Kurt Loder -- Back in the saddle again / by James Henke -- Ragged glory year-end album review / by David Fricke -- Neil Young performance review / by Michael Corcoran -- Weld album review / by Don McLeese -- Neil Young performance review / by Alan Light -- Harvest Moon album review / by Greg Kot -- Lucky thirteen : excursions into Alien territory album review / by James Hunter -- Unplugged album review / by Burl Gilyard -- Forever young / by Alan Light -- Discography -- Selective videography -- About the contributors
Put Your Bodies upon the Wheels by
Traces the revolution's growth from a rebellion against parental control and the Vietnam War to a coercive and sometimes divisive social movement, and examines the protestors, their motives, their critics, and their legacy. Contents: Preface -- Campus wars and culture wars : Outstanding events, issues, and contrasting interpretations of the 1960s. The good 1960s and the bad 1960s. -- Civil Rights and wrongs : Origins of the civil rights movement. Founding of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee. Stokely Carmichael. Rise of Black Power. Huey Newton. Racial unrest. Great Society. -- Who protested? : Causes of white student protest. Birth of the student New Left and New Right. Social characteristics of student activists. Red diaper babies. Ideological beliefs of white radicals. -- Other dissenters--and their critics : Role of academics, clergy, intellectuals, and media in 1960s protest. Intellectuals and American foreign policy and race relations. William Appleman Williams. Critics of the left. Thomas Wolfe. -- Escalation, 1964-1967 : American military escalation of the Vietnam War. Mississippi freedom summer. Berkeley free speech movement. Spiral of campus protest and urban riots. H. Rap Brown. -- Explosion, 1968-1970 : Tet offensive. Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. Columbia University uprising. 1968 Democratic National Convention. Tom Hayden. Election of Richard Nixon. Founding of the Weather Underground. Kent State slayings. -- Counterculture : LSD. Rock and roll. Sexual revolution. Entertainment industry and the counterculture. Janis Joplin. Betty Friedan's The feminine mystique. -- Legacies of the 1960s : Fragmentation of the New Deal electoral coalition. George McGovern. Ronald Reagan. Changes in the post-1960s moral climate. Political correctness on the post-1960s campus. American foreign policy in the aftermath of the Vietnam War
Waging Heavy Peace by
An iconic figure in the history of rock and pop culture (inducted not once but twice into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame), Neil Young has written his eagerly awaited memoir
Wild Tales by
From Graham Nash -- the legendary musician and founding member of the iconic bands Crosby, Stills & Nash and The Hollies -- comes a candid and riveting autobiography
All our audio on Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young can be found here.
CSNY 1974 by
Recorded live Capital Centre Landover, MD Chicago Stadium Chicago, IL Wembley Stadium London, England Nassau County Coliseum Hempstead, NY San Francisco Civic Auditorium August 14-December 14 1974. Contents: First set. Love the one you're with -- Wooden ships -- Immigration man -- Helpless -- Carry me -- Johnny's garden -- Traces -- Grave concern -- On the beach -- Black queen -- Almost cut my hair --
Second set. Change partners -- The lee shore -- Only love can break your heart -- Our house -- Fieldworker -- Guinevere -- Time after time -- Prison song -- Long may you run -- Goodbye Dick -- Mellow my mind -- Old man -- Word game -- Myth of Sisyphus -- Blackbird -- Love art blues -- Hawaiian sunrise -- Teach your children -- Suite: Judy Blue Eyes --
Third set. Déjà vu -- My angel -- Pre-road downs -- Don't be denied -- Revolution blues -- Military madness -- Long time gone -- Pushed it over the end -- Chicago -- Ohio --
DVD. Only love can break your heart -- Almost cut my hair -- Grave concern -- Old man -- Johnny's garden -- Our house -- Déjà vu -- Pushed it over the end
Déjà vu by
Recorded at Wally Heider's Studio III, Los Angeles. Contents: Carry on -- Teach your children -- Almost cut my hair -- Helpless -- Woodstock -- Déjà vu -- Our house -- 4 + 20 -- Country girl -- Everybody I love you
So Far by
Recorded at Wally Heider's 3, Los Angeles; Wally Heider's C, San Francisco Record Plant, Los Angeles, 1969-1970. Contents: Déjà vu -- Helplessly hoping -- Wooden ships -- Teach your children -- Ohio -- Find the cost of freedom -- Woodstock -- Our house -- Helpless -- Guinnevere -- Suite : Judy blue eyes
Kent State: 67 Shots that Pierced the Nation, a documentary chronicling the events of the days leading up to and including the Kent State Shootings on May 4, 1970. A film by Darren Samuels, Abby Xie, and Annalise Tolley
CNN's 30th anniversary coverage of the Kent State shootings, 2004.
NBC 4's Mike Jackson travels to Kent State to commemorate the 40th anniversary of the Kent State shootings. He talks with professors who were there on the dark day four students were killed and nine others were injured.
WEWS 5's Leon Bibb remembers the Kent State shooting on May 4, 1970
All our video on Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young can be found here.
CSNY/Déjà vu by
The war in Iraq is the backdrop as the Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young Freedom of Speech Tour crisscrosses North America. Echoes of Vietnam-era anti-war sentiment abound as the band connects with today's audiences
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Archival materials on Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young:
Crosby, Stills, Nash, and Young perform "Ohio" at the Air Canada Centre, Toronto, on March 30, 2000.
Neil Young performs "Ohio" at Massey Hall, 1971.
Ween covers "Ohio" at the Tabernacle in Atlanta, GA, on April 10, 2010.
Tim McIlrath of Rise Against covers "Ohio" on "A Day to Remember" in Kent, OH.
All-female band Wednesday Wine from Columbus cover "Ohio."
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